What term refers to the characteristics of a group based on age, gender, education level, and income?

The term that refers to the characteristics of a group based on age, gender, education level, and income is demographics. Demographics are essential in understanding the composition of a population and are often used in marketing, social sciences, and public policy to analyze trends and inform strategies. This information helps organizations tailor their products or services to fit the needs and preferences of different segments of the population.

Other terms such as psychographics are more focused on the attitudes, values, and lifestyles of individuals, while socioeconomics blends social and economic factors but does not specifically encompass the demographic traits like age or gender. Geographics deals with location-based characteristics, and thus would not cover the other aspects listed in the question. This makes demographics the most accurate and relevant term for the characteristics described.