What term describes someone from the U.S. working abroad for an American company?

The term that describes someone from the U.S. working abroad for an American company is "expatriate." An expatriate, often referred to as an "expat," is an individual who resides outside their native country, usually for work purposes. In the context of management and international business, expatriates are typically employees who take on assignments in foreign countries, representing their home company while adapting to a new cultural and professional environment.

This distinguishes them from local employees, who are individuals hired in the foreign country to work for the company but are not originally from the U.S. Similarly, host nationals are the citizens of the country where the company operates. The term "citizen" is too broad, as it does not specify the context of working abroad for an American firm. Thus, "expatriate" specifically captures the essence of an American professional engaged in employment outside the United States.