How does Alderfer's ERG theory differ from Maslow's need hierarchy?

Alderfer's ERG theory differs from Maslow's need hierarchy primarily in that it allows for the simultaneous satisfaction of needs. In Maslow's model, needs are organized into a strict hierarchy that individuals must satisfy sequentially, starting from basic physiological needs, progressing through safety, social, esteem, and ultimately self-actualization. This linear approach implies that an individual cannot address higher-level needs until lower-level needs are fully satisfied.

In contrast, Alderfer's ERG theory condenses Maslow's five levels of needs into three categories: Existence, Relatedness, and Growth. Importantly, ERG theory recognizes that individuals can pursue needs from different levels at the same time. For example, someone might seek social connections (Relatedness) while simultaneously striving for personal growth and achievement (Growth), even if their basic existence needs are not fully secure. This flexibility reflects a more realistic understanding of human motivation, as people's needs can often overlap and influence each other rather than following a strict sequence.