Emma's method of taking away privileges to correct employee productivity problems demonstrates which type of power?

Coercive power is exemplified by the ability to influence others through the use of threats or the removal of privileges, which directly impacts their behavior or performance. In Emma's case, by taking away privileges, she is relying on negative consequences to motivate her employees to improve productivity. This type of power operates on the principle that individuals will comply with demands to avoid undesirable outcomes, such as a loss of privilege.

This contrasts with other forms of power. For instance, referent power is based on personal relationships and the respect or admiration one has from others; legitimate power stems from a recognized position or role, granting authority to make decisions; and expert power arises from an individual’s skills or knowledge. Each of these forms influences behavior differently, but coercive power specifically relies on the threat of negative consequences, making it the most fitting answer in this scenario.